Binocular VisionLaajuus (10 cr)

Objective

Knowledge base
Students are able to
• explain the principles of binocular vision and anatomical foundations for it
• describe significance of binocularity to vision and its development in childhood.
• distinguish binocular vision disorders and describe the factors causing them, symptoms and treatments
• distinguish accommodation disorders and describe the factors causing them, symptoms and treatments
• describe the principals of the tests of the binocular vision and accommodation
• assess normality of the test values of binocular vision and accommodation
• calculate the corrective prism and spherical dioptric correction to control accommodative convergence

Clinical/practical base
Students are able to
• assess near vision and function of the accommodation
• assess extra ocular muscle balance, measure phorias and vergences
• assess binocular vision, fixation disparity, stereo acuity
• record the test results with understandable and agreedable notation (KANTA, ICD10)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE
The student is able to communicate fluently and efficiently in English in student and working life assignments in their field in Finland and abroad, and able to use English to develop their own professional skills. The student is able to act naturally in a multicultural environment, taking into account specific characteristics of the communication situations and the other speakers' cultural and linguistic circumstances. The student is able to obtain information required in their professional field from various sources and to process and communicate about it in writing and orally. The student has a realistic perception of their language and communication skills, and takes a positive approach to developing them as part of their professional skills.

Content

Binocular vision
• function and significance (pros and cons) to vision
• oculocentric and egocentric perception
• sensoric and motoric fusion and its development
• corresponding points
• horopter and Panum´s fusional area
• physiological diplopia
• crossed and uncrossed physiological diplopia
• summation
• dominant eye
o sight and direction
• binocular rivarly
• supression, alternate vision, diplopia, confusion
binocular vision disorders
• epidemiology
• symptoms
• mechanism
examination of phoria
• cover test and prism bar
• dissociation tests
• association tests
fixation disparity and testing
• definition, etiology, symptoms, examination (Mallet, Wesson card)
stereo acuity
• depth perception
• monocular and binocular clues
• retinal disparity
• stereoacuity and its development
• stereo tests and testing (TNO ja Titmus)
accommodation and testing
• accommodative amplitude
• accommodative flexibility
• accommodative response (lag)
o MEM ja Nott
• positive and negative accommodation (PRA/NRA)
vergence tests
• positive and negative vergence (PRK/NRK)
• AC/A
o gradient
o formula
heterophoria and vergences
• classification
• etiology
• symptoms
• tests and procedure (Krimsky, Maddox cylinder, Von Graeffe, Schober, Hirsberg/Krimsky, fusional reserves NRK/PRK and supra/infra
• convergence excess
• convergence insufficiency
• divergence excess
• divergence insufficiency
• basic eso/exophoria
• treatment
o Sheard ja Percival
o spherical power lens to control accommodative convergence
accommodative disorders
• classification
• etilogy
• symptoms
• tests and procedure
• accommodative insufficiency
• accommodative excess
• accommodative infacility
• treatment
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
• The field's key international and international-at-home interaction situations: individual and group communication
• Key concepts and terms used in the field in texts appearing in the field
• The professional field's text conventions and text types
• Information acquisition, processing, application and dissemination and the reading of scientific information in a foreign language
• Professional organisations, work environments, duties, processes and tools
• Training and career planning in your own professional field
• Self-assessment of language and communication skills, and development of your own learning strategies

Qualifications

Refraction
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
B2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student is able to:
- display learning in professional knowledge and core content in the field
- search information from a variety of sources
- work in various duties in a variety of operating environments
- show that he has achieved the targets for core competence
- display learning in the key safety practices in the field
- act according to ethical principles
- to contribute his learning for the benefit of a group or project
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
In communication situations related to their professional field, the student trusts their communication skills enough to manage professional language use situations by asking questions to check any unclear points, and thanks to their own short speeches are able to understand the other speaker's communication in order to act appropriately. The student expresses their thoughts in a simple way and for the most part coherently and reasonably understandably despite shortcomings in professional language and making grammatical errors that make it difficult for the message to get across. The student can produce simple texts of a specific format independently, and longer texts by means of language tools.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student is able to:
- use concepts and knowledge in his field systematically
- find information and assess and use information sources with a critical eye
- apply professional information in professional assignments
- apply professional expertise in various work assignments
- act independently and responsibly in professional contexts
- plan operations with safety in mind
- act according to professional ethics
- act purposefully in working groups and projects
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
In communication situations related to their professional field, the student trusts their communication skills enough to manage language situations in the field as expected from a professional. The student exchanges ideas on an equal basis with an independent language user, and if necessary, takes the initiative to communicate in professional language use situations, taking into account to some extent the other participants' language and cultural backgrounds and the circumstances. The student expresses themselves, without delay, clearly and in detail, using professional vocabulary accurately. The student pronounces English clearly so that the overall message is conveyed, and produces texts for different purposes, without any of the occasional weak points in the language stopping the message from getting across.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student is able to:
- use concepts and knowledge in his field professionally
- argue the use of his sources - argue a course of action on the basis of research information or findings
- operate in a range of duties and work situations, also in international contexts
- to act in a way that is customeroriented and displays entrepreneurial spirit
- to act responsibly, taking safety issues into consideration
- argue his choices on the basis of professional ethics
- organise and manage the operation of a group and project
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
In communication situations related to their professional field, the student trusts their communication skills to take part and take the initiative in language use situations in various communication situations in the field, following the conventions. The student exchanges ideas clearly and fluently on an equal basis with a skilful language user, and communicates, taking the initiative if necessary, also in demanding professional language use situations, taking into account the other participants' language and cultural backgrounds. The student expresses themselves efficiently and accurately, using demanding professional vocabulary accurately. The student pronounces English clearly with natural stress and rhythm so that the overall message is emphasised, and produces clear, well-structured and compelling texts in various text types.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

The student is able to:
- display learning in professional knowledge and core content in the field
- search information from a variety of sources
- work in various duties in a variety of operating environments
- show that he has achieved the targets for core competence
- display learning in the key safety practices in the field
- act according to ethical principles
- to contribute his learning for the benefit of a group or project
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
In communication situations related to their professional field, the student trusts their communication skills enough to manage professional language use situations by asking questions to check any unclear points, and thanks to their own short speeches are able to understand the other speaker's communication in order to act appropriately. The student expresses their thoughts in a simple way and for the most part coherently and reasonably understandably despite shortcomings in professional language and making grammatical errors that make it difficult for the message to get across. The student can produce simple texts of a specific format independently, and longer texts by means of language tools.