Neuroanatomy and physiology (5 ECTS)

Objective

Students are able to describe the structure of the central nervous system. They know the parts of the brain and understand the segmental structure of the spine and the formation of spinal nerves. Students can explain the position of the spinal meninges, the formation of the cerebrospinal fluid, its flow and significance. They are able to explain the main features of circulation in the central nervous system. They understand the basics of the function of the central nervous system in motor regulation, sensory functions, sleep-wake regulation as well as memory and learning. Students can describe the significance of the limbic system. They understand the significance of the body’s own pain alleviation mechanisms. Students comprehend the structure and function of the autonomic nervous system. They are familiar with the structure and function of the peripheral system. Students are aware of the spinal nerves, nerve plexuses and the nerves originating from these and the targets of innervation so that they are able to use this knowledge when making an osteopathic diagnosis and when planning osteopathic treatment. Students can name the cranial nerves and list their functions. They understand the significance of nuclei of the cranial nerves. Students understand the pathways of cranial nerves to the extent that they are able to use this knowledge in cranial osteopathy. Students are familiar with the symptoms, clinical examinations and basic methods of treatment of the major neurological diseases as well as their prevention and current rehabilitation methods.

Content

Structure of the brain and spinal cord as well as formation of spinal nerves. Most important functions of different parts of the brain. Cerebrospinal meninges and fluid. Most important veins of the central nervous system. Basics of motor regulation: nerve innervations, hierarchy of regulation as well as motor programmes and reflexes. Sensation and perception. Most important motor and sensory pathways of the spinal cord. Sleep-wake cycle. Memory and learning. Limbic system. Basics of body’s pain alleviation systems. Autonomic nervous system: basic anatomy of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system and their impact on internal organs. Segmental innervation of spinal nerves. Nerve plexuses formed of spinal nerves and peripheral nerves with their innervation targets originating from them. Cranial nerves: nuclei, pathways and targets of innervation. States of pain, headache, vertigo and paralysis. Illnesses causing sensory impairment as well as their examination and care. Illnesses impairing the motor system and their treatment. Disorders of the higher brain functions.

Materials

THIEME Atlas of anatomy:
General anatomy and musculoskeletal system
Head and neuroanatomy
Sand, O. ym. Ihminen. Fysiologia ja anatomia. WSOYpro.

Teaching methods

Interactive lecture
Guided assigments

Exam schedules

Exam:
CNS: 17.11.2021
PNS: 17.12.2021

Content scheduling

Tuition in Finnish

Further information

Erityisen tuen päätökset: Mikäli opiskelijalla on erityisen tuen päätös, joka vaikuttaa opintojakson suorittamiseen, tulee opiskelijan olla yhteydessä opintojaksototeutuksen vastuuopettajaan heti ilmoittautumisajan päätyttyä.

Evaluation scale

0-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

Students use the appropriate core concepts as well as make choices using the knowledge base of their own professional field. They recognise the prerequisites and consequences of their own actions.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Students analyse the relationships between appropriate core concepts as well as justify their choices using the knowledge base of their own professional field. They analyse the prerequisites and consequences of their own actions.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

Students analyse and assess the relationships between appropriate core concepts as well as make choices using the knowledge base of their own professional field. They assess the prerequisites and consequences of their own actions.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Students use the appropriate core concepts as well as make choices using the knowledge base of their own professional field. They recognise the prerequisites and consequences of their own actions.

Assessment methods and criteria

Tuition in Finnish

Qualifications

Human anatomy 1-3, Organ anatomy and physiology

Further information

Includes Neurology 1 cr

Further information

Includes Neurology 1 cr