Anatomy and Physiology 1 (5 ECTS)

Objective

Students are able to describe the structure and functioning of the musculoskeletal system using professional terminology and concepts.
Students are able to explain the importance of tissue in the structure and functioning of the musculoskeletal system. They can describe the layered structure of the human skin and the functions of each layer. Students are able to describe the structure of striated muscle tissue and explain the basic principles of muscular effort. Students can name the different body parts and the bones in the skeleton and describe the basic structure of the spine and explain how mobility in the various parts of the spine is determined. Students can identify the details of the bones in the lower limbs and describe the structure and functioning of joints in the lower limbs. They can identify and name the muscles in the lower limbs and know how to describe the movements they generate in each joint. Students can identify and locate the core structures of the musculoskeletal system using palpation and sonopalpation.

Content

• Basic anatomical concepts: body parts, anatomical levels and directions, axes of movement
• Types of connections between bones, basic structure of synovial joints and joint types
• Basic structure of striated muscle tissue, types of muscular effort, the functioning roles of muscles, open and closed kinetic chain
• Epithelial tissue, muscle tissue and connective tissues (bone, cartilage, connective tissue proper and adipose tissue)
• Skin
• Bones of the skeleton
• Basic structure of the spine and basics of spinal mobility
• Structure and functioning of the lower limbs: bones, joints and muscles
• Palpation in the identification and location of musculoskeletal structures
• Use of ultrasound imaging to support palpation

Materials

ANATOMY

Ross, L.M. & Lamperti, E.D. (toim.) THIEME Atlas of anatomy. General anatomy and musculoskeletal system. Latin nomenclature. Thieme. Owning a copy is recommended.

And materials provided by the teacher.

PHYSIOLOGY

Sand, O. ym.: Ihminen. Fysiologia ja anatomia. WSOYpro.

And materials provided by the teacher.

PALPATION

Muscolino, Joseph E. 2019. The Muscle and Bone Palpation Manual with Trigger Points, Referral Patterns and Stretching 1st Edition.

And materials provided by the teacher.

Teaching methods

ANATOMY:

Interactive lectures, guided assignments, independent work.

PHYSIOLOGY

Interactive lectures, guided assignments, independent work.

PALPATION

Practical instruction, guided assignments, independent work.

Exam schedules

ANATOMY

Exam A: 16.9.2025
Exam B: 7.10.2025

1st re-exam (exams A+B):
2nd re-exam (exams A+B):

PHYSIOLOGY

Exam:

Re-exams are possible only on above mentioned dates. The student can take the re-exam two times maximum. If the student doesn’t pass the re-exam on the second try, the student is to redo the course with the next group in the following season.

If the student wishes to improve their grade, all anatomy exams are to be taken in the same re-exam. This is possible only in the 1st re-exam and can only be done once.

Completion alternatives

If the student has individualized educational support or study arrangements, the student must contact the teacher of the course, or course segment, immediately after the end of the registration period or latest before the start of the course.

Anatomy exams will not be split any further.

Student workload

5 sc
1 sc = 27 hours of student’s work = 10 hours of contact teaching, 17 hours of independent work.

Content scheduling

ANATOMY

1. Introduction to anatomy
2. Bones of the spinal column and lower limb
3. Joints and muscles of the lower limb

Further information

The MATERIALS and assignments designed by the teacher are protected by the Finnish Copyright Law (404/61). It is not allowed to use or distribute any assignments or MATERIALS in any other way than in the student's OWN personal studies. Distributing can be done ONLY with the teacher's personal permission.

Late submission of course assignment will affect the grade. The teacher will review assignments submitted late according to their own schedule.

The teacher may give additional assignments as a pedagogical solution e.g. to cover for absence.

Evaluation scale

0-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

Mastery of the subject matter is at least 50 % of what is asked.
Students use foreign professional concepts systematically.
Students identify anatomical structures and repeat their meaning.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

Mastery of the subject matter is at least 70 % of what is asked.
Students expertly use foreign professional concepts.
Students identify and describe anatomical structures and discover connections between structure and function.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

Mastery of the subject matter is at least 90 % of what is asked.
Students use widely and expertly foreign professional concepts for example when answering essay questions.
Students identify anatomical structures and explain their function by analyzing connections between structure and function.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

Mastery of the subject matter is at least 50 % of what is asked.
Students use foreign professional concepts systematically.
Students identify anatomical structures and repeat their meaning.

Assessment methods and criteria

ANATOMY

Numerically graded exams on a 0 to 5 scale

Satisfactory (1-2)
Mastery of the foreign terminology is at least 50 % of what is inquired.
Students use foreign professional concepts systematically.
Students identify anatomical structures and repeat their meaning.

Good (3-4)
Mastery of the foreign terminology is at least 70 % of what is inquired.
Students use foreign professional concepts expertly.
Students identify and describe anatomical structures and discover connections between structure and function.

Excellent (5)
Mastery of the foreign terminology is at least 90 % of what is inquired.
Students use foreign professional concepts widely and expertly for example when answering essay questions.
Students identify anatomical structures and explain their function by analyzing connections between structure and function.

PALPATION

Mandatory participation, Pass - Fail

SONOPALPATION

Mandatory participation, Pass - Fail