Boilers and Steam Generators (5 ECTS)

Objective

The student will understand the control and operation of a boiler plant. The student will be familiar with various types of boilers and steam generators and their auxiliaries. The student will be familiar with the materials and structures of different boilers and steam generators.

Content

-Fuels, combustion and formation of emissions
-Structures and materials of boilers and steam generators, and superheaters
-Reducing particulate emissions, particulate matter control devices and scrubbers and sulphur emission control
-Auxiliaries of boilers and steam generators, fuel processing and handling, feedwater heater and air preheater
-Efficiencies and losses of steam generators, energy balance of steam generator
-Grate, fluidised bed combustion, pulverized fuel combustion, biomass and waste combustion, gas and oil combustion
-Heat recovery steam generator, supercritical boiler technology, recovery boilers
-Control and use of steam generators, boiler standards and safety instructions, start up and down intructions
-Boiler water treatment, waterside and gas side scaling, deposition and corrosion in steam generators

Materials

Material assigned by the teacher.

Recommended literature:

Huhtinen M., Kettunen M., Nurminen P. & Pakkanen H. 2004. Höyrykattilatekniikka . Edita
Prima Oy. Helsinki. ISBN 951 37 3360 2.

Raiko R., Saastamoinen J., Hupa M. & Kurki Suonio I. 2002. Poltto ja palaminen.
International Flame Research Foundation Suomen kansallinen osasto. ISBN 951 666
604 3. Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy, Jyväskylä 2002.

Tier S. 2003. Steam Boiler Technology. 2nd Edition. Helsinki University of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering. ISBN 951 22 6759 4.

Teaching methods

Lectures will be held on campus in English.
Excursion to a local power plant.
Exercises.
Homeworks.
Groupwork.

Employer connections

Excursion to a local power station and visiting lecturers.

Exam schedules

Will be discussed at the first lecture.

Completion alternatives

The majority of the course can be completed independently online via the Moodle learning environment. More details on the first lecture.

Student workload

Lectures 30 h
Excursion 4 h
Exercises 20 h
Exam 3 h
Project work 20 h
Homework 20 h
Independent study 30 h

Evaluation scale

0-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student knows the different boiler solutions and materials used in boilers.
The student is familiar with the various water circulation designs of boilers, and their role in the operation and construction of the boiler.
The student is able to calculate from the fuel elemental analysis the combustion air requirement, the flue gas volume generated, and flue gas concentrations.
The student can explain the different combustion methods and their advantages and disadvantages

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student knows the different boiler solutions and materials used in boilers.
The student is familiar with the various water circulation designs of boilers, and their role in the operation and construction of the boiler.
The student is able to calculate the efficiency of the boiler and the flue combustion air ratio from the results of temperature, pressure and mass flow measurements, the combustion air requirement, the flue gas volume generated, and the flue gas concentrations.
The student can explain the different combustion methods, and their advantages and disadvantages
The student knows the principles of boiler control, the ways of safe boiler starts and stops, as well as the safety regulations

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student knows the different boiler solutions, and materials used in boilers and auxiliaries.
The student is familiar with the various water circulation designs of boilers, and their role in the operation and construction of the boiler.
The student can explain the different combustion methods and their advantages and disadvantages well
The student is able to calculate the efficiency of the boiler and the flue combustion air ratio from the results of temperature, pressure and mass flow measurements
The student knows the principles of boiler control, the ways of safe boiler starts and stops, safety regulations, as well as the execution and significance of a boiler reception test.
The student is familiar with boiler water treatment and its significance to thermal surface fouling and corrosion, and to maintenance

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

The student knows the different boiler solutions and materials used in boilers.
The student is familiar with the various water circulation designs of boilers, and their role in the operation and construction of the boiler.
The student is able to calculate from the fuel elemental analysis the combustion air requirement, the flue gas volume generated, and flue gas concentrations.
The student can explain the different combustion methods and their advantages and disadvantages

Assessment methods and criteria

The course is evaluated numerically on the scale of 0-5. Final grade consists of the following assignments

Exam 60 %
Homework 20 %
Group work 20 %

Qualifications

The student has the basic mathematical and science skills. The student will understand the thermodynamics of the most important heat engines and devices used in power plants. The student understands the main sources and formation mechanisms of atmospheric pollutants. The student knows air pollution related legislation.