Anatomy and Physiology (5 ECTS)

Learning outcomes

The student
• is able to describe the structure and functioning of the musculoskeletal system using professional terminology and concepts
• is able to explain the importance of tissue in the structure and functioning of the musculoskeletal system
• can describe the layered structure of the human skin and the functions of each layer
• can describe the structure of striated muscle tissue and explain the basic principles of muscular effort
• can name the different body parts and the bones in the skeleton and describe the basic structure of the spine and vertebrae
• can identify the joint types between the vertebrae and explain how mobility in the various parts of the spine is determined through their anatomical special characteristics
• can identify the details of the bones in the lower limbs and describe the structure and functioning of joints in the lower limbs
• can identify and name the muscles in the lower limbs and know how to describe the movements they generate in each joint
• can identify and locate the core structures of the musculoskeletal system using palpation and sonopalpation.

Content

• Basic anatomical concepts: body parts, anatomical levels and directions, axes of movement
• Types of connections between bones, basic structure of synovial joints and joint types
• Basic structure of striated muscle tissue, types of muscular effort, the functioning roles of muscles, open and closed kinetic chain
• Tissues: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue
• Skin
• Bones of the skeleton
• Basic structure of the spine and vertebrae, spine joint types and basics of mobility
• Structure and functioning of the lower limbs: bones, joints and muscles
• Palpation in the identification and location of musculoskeletal structures
• Use of ultrasound devices in palpation

Teaching methods

ANATOMY:

Interactive lectures, guided assignments, independent work.

PHYSIOLOGY

Interactive lectures, guided assignments, independent work.

PALPATION

Practical instruction, guided assignments, independent work.

Learning materials and recommended literature

ANATOMY

Ross, L.M. & Lamperti, E.D. (toim.) THIEME Atlas of anatomy. General anatomy and musculoskeletal system. Latin nomenclature. Thieme. Owning a copy is recommended.

And materials provided by the teacher.

PHYSIOLOGY

Elaine N. Marieb: Essentials of Human Anatomy& Physiology. 13th edition (or older). Pearson.

And materials provided by the teacher.

PALPATION

Muscolino, Joseph E. 2019. The Muscle and Bone Palpation Manual with Trigger Points, Referral Patterns and Stretching 1st Edition.

And materials provided by the teacher.

Alternative completion methods of implementation

If the student has individualized educational support or study arrangements, the student must contact the teacher of the course, or course segment, immediately after the end of the registration period or latest before the start of the course.

Anatomy exams will not be split any further.

Exam dates and retake possibilities

ANATOMY

Exam A: 20.10.2025
Exam B: 6.11.2025

1st re-exam (exams A+B):
2nd re-exam (exams A+B):

PHYSIOLOGY (tissues/skin)
Assignment in Moodle, open between 29.9.2025- 9.10.2025

Exam:

Re-exams are possible only on above mentioned dates. The student can take the re-exam two times maximum. If the student doesn’t pass the re-exam on the second try, the student is to redo the course with the next group in the following season.

If the student wishes to improve their grade, all anatomy exams are to be taken in the same re-exam. This is possible only in the 1st re-exam and can only be done once.

Student workload

5 sc
1 sc = 27 hours of student’s work = 10 hours of contact teaching, 17 hours of independent work.

Content scheduling

ANATOMY

1. Introduction to anatomy
2. Bones of the spinal column and lower limb
3. Joints and muscles of the lower limb

Further information for students

The MATERIALS and assignments designed by the teacher are protected by the Finnish Copyright Law (404/61). It is not allowed to use or distribute any assignments or MATERIALS in any other way than in the student's OWN personal studies. Distributing can be done ONLY with the teacher's personal permission.

Late submission of course assignment will affect the grade. The teacher will review assignments submitted late according to their own schedule.

The teacher may give additional assignments as a pedagogical solution e.g. to cover for absence.

Assessment methods and criteria

ANATOMY

Numerically graded exams on a 0 to 5 scale

Satisfactory (1-2)
Mastery of the foreign terminology is at least 50 % of what is inquired.
Students use foreign professional concepts systematically.
Students identify anatomical structures and repeat their meaning.

Good (3-4)
Mastery of the foreign terminology is at least 70 % of what is inquired.
Students use foreign professional concepts expertly.
Students identify and describe anatomical structures and discover connections between structure and function.

Excellent (5)
Mastery of the foreign terminology is at least 90 % of what is inquired.
Students use foreign professional concepts widely and expertly for example when answering essay questions.
Students identify anatomical structures and explain their function by analyzing connections between structure and function.

PALPATION

Mandatory participation, Pass - Fail

SONOPALPATION

Mandatory participation, Pass - Fail

Evaluation scale

0-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE BASE; the student
• can search for professional knowledge regarding a single issue
• is familiar with the professional knowledge base of the field
• distinguishes informal information from research knowledge.

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND ACTIONS; the student
• can act in individual professional situations according to instructions
• aims to act in a client-oriented way
• proves to have adequate skills to act in professional situations.

ETHICS, COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT; the student
• is familiar with the ethical principles of the field
• can work as a member of a work group
• is able to evaluate personal strengths and development needs.

Assessment criteria, good (3)

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE BASE
· Student can search for knowledge from various
sources and is familiar with the professional knowledge base of the field

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND ACTIONS; the student
• can work well in typical professional tasks and situations
• can work in a client-oriented way.

ETHICS, COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT; the student
• can act in accordance with the ethical principles of the field
• can work in work groups and projects
• is able to develop oneself.

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE BASE; the student
• can search for knowledge from different sources and justifies their use
• utilises the professional knowledge base.

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND ACTIONS; the student
• can apply professional skills in professional situations and acts responsibly
• can act in a client-oriented way
• is capable of solving professional tasks and problems.

ETHICS, COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT; the student
• justifies professional activities based on the ethical principles of the field
• can work in work groups and projects and shares competence
• is able to develop oneself.

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

PASS: Same as satisfactory (see above)

FAIL
PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE BASE; the student
• uses professional knowledge base of the field one-sidedly and is not familiar
enough with the sources of the field.

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND ACTIONS; the student
• does not have adequate professional knowledge or skills
• does not act according to educational objectives or instructions.

ETHICS, COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT; the student
• does not consider professional safety or ethical principles sufficiently
• does not show adequate readiness to participate in group and development work.