Basics of the Eye Examination (5 cr)

Objective

Knowledge base
Students are able to

• differentiate and describe the different refractive states, related symptoms and treatment
• describe the general development of refractive errors
• describe the mechanism of accommodation and it´s effects to vision
• assess measurements of accommodation amplitude and visual acuity to normal values
• describe the definition of visual acuity and the factors affecting it
• calculate the size of the required optotype at different distances
• calculate the change in visual acuity if there is an abnormal distance
• describe optics of the retinoscopy and main parts of the phoropter

Clinical/practical
Students are able to
• take patient history
• assess refraction with retinoscopy
• use trial frames, trial lenses, and phoropter and taking into account ergonomic issues
• measure visual acuity and make the records of it
• measure accommodation amblitude

Content

Refractive status: epidemiology, patient history, symptoms, distinguishing, treatment, spectacle correction and prognosis
• emmetropia
• myopia
-empty field and night myopia, night myopia
• hyperopia
• astigmatism
• accommodation
• aphakia and pseudophakia, anisometropia (definitions)
Eye examination room and equipment:
Hygiene and cleaning
o use and maintenance of tools
Anamnesis, patient history:
o Clinical Guidelines for eye examination
o patient communication
Static retinoscopy:
o optics and use
Visual acuity:
o normal developement, emmetropization and age changes
- tests for distance and near, tests for pediatrics, size of the optotypes, different optotypes, ISO standard
o definitions of visual acuity
o MAR, minimi angle of resolution
o records (decimal, Snellen fracture, and logMAR) and measuring the acuity
o factors influence to visual acuity, as retina eccentricity, refraction error, lighting intensity, contrast
o calculating the effect of distance change
Accommodaation:
o mechanism, effects of age and diseases
o Duane curve, Hofstetter-formulas
o classification: -tonic, vergence, reflex and proximal
o accommodation amplitude and measurement, (Duane line and push-up methods)
o accommodation: field between far point and near point, comfortable zone
o accommodation, pupil reflex and convergence, (the near triad)

Evaluation scale

0-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student is able to:
- display learning in core content
- use individual professional concepts correctly
- find information for a specific situation
- distinguish between non-theoretical and theoretical information
- act in individual professional situations as instructed - display learning in his professional field
- show that he has achieved the targets for core competence
- follow safety instructions
- display learning in the ethical principles of his professional field
- operate as a member of a student group

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student is able to:
- display an understanding of concepts and professional knowledge in the field
- assess and limit the amount of information needed
- operate well in typical professional duties and contexts
- operate in a multicultural environment
- operate safely
- act according to professional ethics
- operate in a student group

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student is able to:
- use concepts and knowledge in his field systematically
- assess and use various information sources
- apply professional information in professional assignments
- work in various duties in a variety of operating environments
- act independently and responsibly in professional contexts
- to take safety issues into consideration in his action
- argue his choices on the basis of professional ethics
- organise the activities of a group of students

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

The student is able to:
- display learning in core content
- use individual professional concepts correctly
- find information for a specific situation
- distinguish between non-theoretical and theoretical information
- act in individual professional situations as instructed - display learning in his professional field
- show that he has achieved the targets for core competence
- follow safety instructions
- display learning in the ethical principles of his professional field
- operate as a member of a student group

Qualifications

Spectacle application and manufacturing and Geometrical optics