Orthoptics and Work Placement (10 cr)

Objective

Knowledge base
Students are able to
• describe the characteristics of binocular vision disorders in cases of abnormal retinal correspondence or suppression
• evaluate if orthoptic treatment is suitable for the patient
• evaluate the meaning of AC/A-ratio in corrections as prism and spherical power control the accommodative vergence
• describe the features of anisometropia and justify the treatment options

Clinical/practical base
Students are able to
• make binocular vision examination with various methods
• plan and implement an orthoptic treatment

After work placement (5 ECTS) students are able to the student is able to plan and make objective and subjective refraction and asses near addition. They are able to evaluate binocular vision. They are able to properly record patient data. They are able to justify and recommend different vision solutions for the needs of the customer. They are able to communicate with the client about vision, vision problems and vision corrections.

Clinical exam:
Students are able to
• make retinoscopy exam, interpret and explain the results
• measure IOP (non- contact), interpret and explain the results
• to take an accurate history from patients with a range of optometric conditions
• obtain and interpret information on significant symptoms and patient’s concerns
• obtain and interpret information on relevant family history
• to refract patients by appropriate objective and subjective means
• to make appropriate prescribing and management decisions based on the refractive and oculomotor status
• assess pupil reactions
• communicate in a respectful tone and manner and respecting the relevant ethical and cultural rules
• listen actively and to communicate effectively
• listen and ask questions to understand the patient’s concerns and viewpoints
• communicate in a timely manner
• be aware of and responsive to verbal and non-verbal communication
• recognise and adjust to cultural differences
• use effective cross-cultural communication skills if appropriate

Content

Vision therapy/Orthoptic treatment:
definition, target group, routine orthoptic eye examination including appropriate anamnesis
Abnormal retinal correspondence (ARC) - definition, theory, examination, epidemiology, classification, treatment
Suppression – definition, examination, depth, extent and treatment
Prisma adaptation
Examination techniques: Bagolin lens, jump vergence, vergence facility, binocular refraction method with fogging, H-test and light pen: assess binocular vision field extent
Grafical analysis: Donders
Anisometropia and aniseikonia
o epidemiology, classification, symptoms, etiology, treatment, problems with correction
Orthoptic training
- theory, sensory and motor activation
- physiological diplopia; meaning as a part of binocular vision and suppressio control
-spasm control
-training for accommodation: far-near jump, Brock string, push-up, flipper
-training for insufficient convergence and divergence; anti suppression treatment, Brock string, stereogram cards, two pencil
Vision Therapy: plan and management process: theory, model/stucture of the treatment process, symptoms and identification, management plan, exercises (independent and office), patient advising, control visits including control visit and further management plan.

Location and time

On the later period during the semester (autum: period 2. / spring: period 4.)
Lectures are held at Metropolia Myllypuro Campus and via web. Work placement at the Village Optician and as the student has picked
The practical exercises included in the course are done according to the schedule and in the order given in the training facilities of the campus. Tasks and exercises other than those related to on-the-job training cannot be done under the supervision of working life.

Materials

Lecture notes, articles, pointed web material as sites and videos
Literature among other things:
Primary Care Optometry: The patient history sivut 99-111, The binokular vision examination 224-248, Management of anomalies of refraction and binocular vision 251-273
Borish´s Clinical Refraction: Fusion and Binocularity, sivut 121-156,

All the material given during the studies is not to be shared with other or third parts and is only allowed to be used for the students own learning purposes.

Teaching methods

Lectures, groupworks, independet working, assignments, workplacement, field day

Employer connections

Workplace training 3 weeks of which 12-13 days in working life between the weeks: 14-16, 28.3.-17.4.2025 and 2-3 days in the Myllypuro campus KyläOPTIKKO store according to the work shifts given on the second period of the semester, which will be released during the first period of the semester.

Exam schedules

The evaluation of the course is based on the written assignment's and Moodle assignment's. See the more accurate information in the evaluation.

International connections

No

Completion alternatives

No

Student workload

1 ect mean or strains about 27h of students work

If the student has a decision of special educational need, shall this student contact the teacher of the course immediately after the end of the registration period (or latest before the start of the course.)

Content scheduling

Lectures and practicals are held in 4. period

Further information

Previous courses in eye examination SX00DS01, SX00DS02, SX00DS03 ja SX00EJ63 shall be passed before participating in this course.

Work placement: 3 weeks. Student have to do:
• 10 eye examinations that consist of preliminary tests (H-test, cover test, accommodation amplitudi, NPC, pupil reactions), retinoscopy and refraction, near vision assessment and binocular vision assessment and prescribing for spectacles.
• Moodle web-based assignment
• Moodle web-based exam on one of dispensing case; spectacle lenses for a presbyopic (lens type, vision depth in various areas of lenses)
• Observe 2 eye examination (optometrist/ophthalmologist) and reflect that to the Gold Standard and ECOO recommendation.
Detailed content of the course (not include Swedish):
*Duane classification on the heterophoria and AC/A: Divergence excess, Basic exodeviation, Convergence insufficiency, Divergense weakness, Basic esodeviation, Convergence excess.
*Anisometropia and aniseikonia: influence to the binocularity, static and dynamic aniseikonia, test and measurement of aniseikonia, treatment and management with spectacle.
*ARC and NRC: theoretical background, examination of the retinal correspondence: Bagolin and covertest
*Concomitant and comitant deviations: specific symptoms and double vision, intermittent and constant deviation
*Suppression: evaluation
*Binocular refraction with fogging method.
*H-test with pen light: evaluation of the binocular vision field.
*Typical asthenopic symptoms in deviations and accommodation problems: anamnesis
*Cases: treatment and management of the binocular vision problem patient including the classification, analyze of the AC/A, Sheard and Persival criterions, horisontal and vertical prism, Fresnell, spherical power lenses and vision therapy, problem oriented response (management/ spectacles) to anamnesis, descriptive and ICD 10 patient recording.
*Vision therapy: theoretical background, motor and sensory activation, plan and management to alleviate the symptoms, physiological diplopia as a suppressio control
*Vision therapy in the accommodation problems: exercises (Near-far jump, Brock-string, push-up, flipper)
*Orthoptic exercises for the convergence insufficiency and divergence weakness (anti-supression, Brock-string, stereograms cards, two pencil)
Vision Therapy: plan and management process: Symptoms and identification, management plan, exercises (independent and office), patient advising, control visits including control of spasm and final evaluation, further management plan. Vision therapy process with (fellow student) patient including examination, choosing the exercises and control visit.
*Grafical analysis


Instructions on the use of artificial intelligence during the course are given separately. Students should familiarise themselves with Metropolia's AI guidelines and follow them in their study attainments.

Evaluation scale

0-5

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student is able to:
- display learning in professional knowledge and core content in the field
- search information from a variety of sources
- work in various duties in a variety of operating environments
- show that he has achieved the targets for core competence
- display learning in the key safety practices in the field
- act according to ethical principles
- to contribute his learning for the benefit of a group or project

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student is able to:
- use concepts and knowledge in his field systematically
- find information and assess and use information sources with a critical eye
- apply professional information in professional assignments
- apply professional expertise in various work assignments
- act independently and responsibly in professional contexts
- plan operations with safety in mind
- act according to professional ethics
- act purposefully in working groups and projects

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student is able to:
- use concepts and knowledge in his field professionally
- argue the use of his sources - argue a course of action on the basis of research information or findings
- operate in a range of duties and work situations, also in international contexts
- to act in a way that is customeroriented and displays entrepreneurial spirit
- to act responsibly, taking safety issues into consideration
- argue his choices on the basis of professional ethics
- organise and manage the operation of a group and project

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

The student is able to:
- display learning in professional knowledge and core content in the field
- search information from a variety of sources
- work in various duties in a variety of operating environments
- show that he has achieved the targets for core competence
- display learning in the key safety practices in the field
- act according to ethical principles
- to contribute his learning for the benefit of a group or project

Assessment methods and criteria

-Individual portfolio, contents will be announced in the beginning of the studies
case -assignments, Reflection,
- Assignments: eye-examinations 15 pieces and 15 pieces at the workplacement
- workplace training, assignments included to portfolio (1-5)
*Clinical exam about eye examination (1-5);
• According to Gold Standard

Qualifications

Binocular Vision