Function of the Eye and RefractionLaajuus (15 ECTS)

Objective

Students are able to describe the development of the eye, anatomy of the eye and its adjoining structures and explain the basic functions of the eye and the mechanisms regulating those functions. They are able to use biomicroscopy, topography and keratometry when evaluating the anterior parts of the structures of the eye. They are able to assess, whether accommodation, convergence, pupil reactions, fixation and eye movements are within physiological range.
Students are able to obtain an appropriate case history for an eye examination. They are able to measure visual acuity and explain the impact of the anatomical, optical and test related factors influencing visual acuity measurements. Students are able to tell the differences between the types of refractive errors and determine the refractive error of the eye objectively and subjectively. Students are able to tell the design principles of the tests and procedures used. Students are able to describe the factors influencing IOP measurements and their reliability, principles of measurements and they know the physiological range of IOP.

Content

Development of the eye, orbit, external ocular muscles and ocular movements, ocular blood circulation, neural innervation, eyelids, structure of the eye, tear secretion and structure of the tear fluid, significance of lachrymal fluid. Function of the cornea, functioning principles of the retina and its cells, metabolism of lens, accommodation and its amplitude, near point of convergence, H-test, saccades, pursuit movements, pupil reaction. Regulation mechanisms of IOP, measuring IOP. Biomicroscopy, keratometry and topography. Development of the eye’s optical components and refractive power in different age groups, prevalence and classification of refractive errors, anisometropia, amblyopia,
presbyopia, case history, development of visual acuity in infants and children, preliminary tests, tests of visual acuity, retinoscopy, autorefraction, subjective refraction.

Qualifications

General Anatomy and Physiology, Visual Optics and Customer Care and Dispensing in Optical Practice

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

The student is able to:
- display learning in core content
- use individual professional concepts correctly
- find information for a specific situation
- distinguish between non-theoretical and theoretical information
- act in individual professional situations as instructed - display learning in his professional
field
- show that he has achieved the targets for core competence
- follow safety instructions
- display learning in the ethical principles of his professional field
- operate as a member of a student group

Assessment criteria, good (3)

The student is able to:
- display an understanding of concepts and professional knowledge in the field
- assess and limit the amount of information needed
- operate well in typical professional duties and contexts
- operate in a multicultural environment
- operate safely
- act according to professional ethics
- operate in a student group

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

The student is able to:
- use concepts and knowledge in his field systematically
- assess and use various information sources
- apply professional information in professional assignments
- work in various duties in a variety of operating environments
- act independently and responsibly in professional contexts
- to take safety issues into consideration in his action
- argue his choices on the basis of professional ethics
- organise the activities of a group of students

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

The student is able to:

- The student does not know or appreciate knowledge in the field sufficiently
- The student does not know or cannot use concepts in his field properly
- The student's professional level is not properly developed
- The student is not acting in accordance with his training and guidance
- The student is not familiar with instructions related to professional safety or ethical principles
- The student withdraws from cooperation with others