Study Guide

Objective

Microbiology and immunology
Students are able to explain the legislation related to infection control, and organization of infection control work in Finland. They know the mechanism of the most common infectious diseases and pathogens, especially in the skin, mucous membranes and limbs. They describe the functioning of the defense system, especially at the cellular level in the blood and lymph. They know the transmission pathways of pathogens, and are able to describe the disease and symptoms, and know the basics of protection against infections. Students interpret the most common laboratory test.

Otolaryngology
Structure and function of the ear, nose and throat, their functional disorders and effects on the body.

Ophthalmology
Basics of ophthalmology; the anatomy and physiology of the eye, the eye and its accessory organs, optic tracts and visual area, two eyes and seeing, sharpness of vision and visual fields, refractive errors, glasses and contact lenses. Most common eye diseases; conjunctivitis, keratitis, glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, lachrymal duct obstruction/infection, phoria, grey cataract, refractive surgery. General diseases and the eye, neurological diseases and the eye.

Dermatology
Students identify the most common skin diseases and their symptoms found in our country. Students recognize the need for further treatment or examination, and are able to refer the patient forward if necessary.

Obstetrics and gynaecology
Structure and function of the pelvic area and their abnormalities, functional disorders as well as their effects on the body. Physiological perspectives of pregnancy and labour, disorders and complications in the process. Most common gynaecological disorders, examinations and surgical operations. Female hormonal life cycle. Pregnancy and health challenges related to it (Hepatosis. Asthma. Cardiac diseases. Rheuma. Epilepsy. Toxaemia. Diabetes). Childbirth, alleviation of pain and C-section. Hemorrhage and trauma in childbirth and in the postpartum period.

Urology
Passing urea and function of urinary bladder. Urination, urination reflex and its control. Urinary disorders. Normal structure of prostate and prostatic hypertrophy. Illnesses in different stages of life and/or incidents related to them.

Gerontology and geriatrics
Gerontology and geriatrics as fields of science. Ageing theories. Changes due to ageing in various organ systems. Major old-age illnesses and their treatment.

Content

Microbiology and immunology
Legislation related to infection control, and organization of infection control work in Finland
Clinical microbiology as a discipline and its role in the osteopath’s work
Asepsis in the osteopath’s work
Endogenous and exogenous infection pathways of microbes causing infections
Viruses, fungi, yeasts and bacteria, and their role in osteopath’s work
Infectious disease and pathogens, normal flora
Disorders of the normal flora and rebalancing it
Functioning of the defense system in the blood and lymph
Infections in children, the elderly and others in good general health
Bone, muscle and joint infections, autoimmune diseases
Infections of the skin, mucous membranes and limbs
Respiratory infections
Laboratory diagnostics of infections, results and interpretation
Effect of alertness on immune defense, psychoneuroimmunology
The role of the thyroid gland in the body’s defense mechanism
The importance of the microbiome for human health
Epigenetics

Otolaryngology
Structure and function of the ear, nose and throat, their functional disorders and effects on the body.

Ophthalmology
Basics of ophthalmology; the anatomy and physiology of the eye, the eye and its accessory organs, optic tracts and visual area, two eyes and seeing, sharpness of vision and visual fields, refractive errors, glasses and contact lenses. Most common eye diseases; conjunctivitis, keratitis, glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, lachrymal duct obstruction/infection, phoria, grey cataract, refractive surgery. General diseases and the eye, neurological diseases and the eye.

Dermatology
Examination of a dermatological patient. Itching and eczema. Urticaria and angioedema. Skin tumors. Bacterial, viral and fungal diseases of the skin. Occupational skin diseases. Leg ulcer. Drug rashes.

Obstetrics and gynaecology
Structure and function of the pelvic area and their abnormalities, functional disorders as well as their effects on the body. Physiological perspectives of pregnancy and labour, disorders and complications in the process. Most common gynaecological disorders, examinations and surgical operations. Female hormonal life cycle. Pregnancy and health challenges related to it (Hepatosis. Asthma. Cardiac diseases. Rheuma. Epilepsy. Toxaemia. Diabetes). Childbirth, alleviation of pain and C-section. Hemorrhage and trauma in childbirth and in the postpartum period.

Urology
Passing urea and function of urinary bladder. Urination, urination reflex and its control. Urinary disorders. Normal structure of prostate and prostatic hypertrophy. Illnesses in different stages of life and/or incidents related to them.

Gerontology and geriatrics
Gerontology and geriatrics as fields of science. Ageing theories. Changes due to ageing in various organ systems. Major old-age illnesses and their treatment.

Prerequisites

Medical basic knowledge in the rehabilitation sector, Functional anatomy in osteopathic clinical reasoning

Assessment criteria, satisfactory (1)

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE BASE
· The student can search for professional knowledge regarding a single issue
· The student is familiar with the professional knowledge base of the field
· The student distinguishes informal information from research knowledge

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND ACTIONS
· The student can act in individual professional situations according to instruction
· The student aims to act in a client-oriented way
· The student proves to have adequate skills to act in
professional situations

ETHICS, COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
· The student is familiar with the ethical principles of the field
· The student can work as a member of a work group
· The student is able to evaluate personal strengths and development needs

Assessment criteria, good (3)

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE BASE
· The student can search for knowledge from various
sources and is familiar with the professional knowledge base of the field

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND ACTIONS
· The student can work well in typical professional tasks and situations
· The student can work in a client-oriented way

ETHICS, COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
· The student can act in accordance with the ethical principles of the field
· The student can work in work groups and projects
· The student develops oneself

Assessment criteria, excellent (5)

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE BASE
· The student can search for knowledge from different sources and justifies their use
· The student utilizes the professional knowledge base

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND ACTIONS
· The student can apply professional skills in professional situations and acts responsibly
· The student can act in a client-oriented way
· The student is capable of solving professional tasks and problems

ETHICS, COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
· The student justifies professional activities based on the ethical principles of the field
· The student can work in work groups and projects and shares competence
· The student develops oneself

Assessment criteria, approved/failed

PASS: Same as satisfactory (see above)

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE BASE
· The student uses professional knowledge base of the field one-sidedly and is not familiar
enough with the sources of the field

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND ACTIONS
· The student does not have adequate professional knowledge or skills
· The student does not act according to educational objectives or instruction

ETHICS, COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
· The student does not consider professional safety or ethical principles sufficiently
· The student does not show adequate readiness to participate in group and development work